USBメモリをマシンにつけるとdmesgに以下のようなログが流れる。sddでデバイスファイルができたことがわかる。
[627615.624065] usb 1-2: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 2 [627616.744081] usb 1-2: New USB device found, idVendor=1307, idProduct=0163 [627616.744091] usb 1-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 [627616.744096] usb 1-2: Product: Flash Disk [627616.744100] usb 1-2: Manufacturer: USB 2.0 [627616.744104] usb 1-2: SerialNumber: 79c5f4d19de16a [627616.744377] usb 1-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [627617.173776] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... [627617.174058] scsi4 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices [627617.174480] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [627617.174488] USB Mass Storage support registered. [627617.177363] usb-storage: device found at 2 [627617.177371] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning [627622.200844] usb-storage: device scan complete [627622.448159] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access USB 2.0 Flash Disk 0.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 [627622.768255] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] 3948543 512-byte logical blocks: (2.02 GB/1.88 GiB) [627622.968117] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off [627622.968127] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 00 00 00 00 [627622.968132] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through [627624.068129] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through [627624.068169] sdd: sdd1 [627625.068240] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through [627625.068278] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk
自動マウントされないことを確認。
$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 259M 123M 123M 50% / tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /lib/init/rw udev 121M 180K 120M 1% /dev tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda9 2.1G 1.5G 472M 77% /home /dev/sda8 183M 5.6M 168M 4% /tmp /dev/sda5 2.2G 1.9G 142M 94% /usr /dev/sda6 996M 403M 544M 43% /var /dev/sdb1 459G 436G 52M 100% /**************** /dev/sdc1 74G 70G 223M 100% /****************
パーティションテーブルの確認。どうやらFATフォーマットみたい。
# fdisk -l /dev/sdd
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdd'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sdd: 2021 MB, 2021654016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 245 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa594fcbc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 * 1 246 1974271 b W95 FAT32
Partition 1 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?):
phys=(1023, 254, 63) logical=(0, 0, 2)
Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings:
phys=(1023, 254, 63) logical=(245, 200, 18)
fat32ならマウントできるので、マウントしてみる。マウントは問題なく終了。lsでなかも見れる。
# mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt/ # ls /mnt/ -la total 51105 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 1 1970 . drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 1024 Feb 19 2011 .. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 22 05:15 boot -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 32768 Aug 22 05:16 ldlinux.sys -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 60928 Aug 22 05:16 menu.c32 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2608 Aug 22 05:16 syslinux.cfg -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 239 Aug 22 05:16 ubnfilel.txt -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51206265 Oct 27 2007 ubninit -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1005209 Oct 25 2007 ubnkern -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 21 Aug 22 05:15 ubnpathl.txt
パーティションテーブルの書き換えとフォーマットをするためにアンマウントする。
# umount /mnt/
パーティションテーブルを書き換える。最初のパーティションを削除して、新しいパーティションを作成して、テーブルを更新する。
# fdisk /dev/sdd
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdd'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-245, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-245, default 245):
Using default value 245
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 2021 MB, 2021654016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 245 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa594fcbc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 245 1967931 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
ext3でフォーマット。読みテストは-cオプション、読み書きテストは-c -cオプション(-cを2回)。テストにはそれなりの時間がかかる。
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdd1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
warning: 462 blocks unused.
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
123120 inodes, 491520 blocks
24599 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=503316480
15 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8208 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
読み込みチェックを行う-cオプションの場合
# mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/sdd1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
warning: 462 blocks unused.
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
123120 inodes, 491520 blocks
24599 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=503316480
15 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8208 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
-ccはダメ。
# mkfs -t ext3 -cc /dev/sdd1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) mkfs.ext3: invalid blocks count - /dev/sdd1
読み込み書き込みチェックを行う-c -cオプションの場合。2GBのUSBメモリをUSB1.0ポートにつなげた場合15時間程度かかった。
# mkfs -t ext3 -c -c /dev/sdd1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
warning: 462 blocks unused.
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
123120 inodes, 491520 blocks
24599 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=503316480
15 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8208 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Testing with pattern 0xaa: done
Reading and comparing: done
Testing with pattern 0x55: done
Reading and comparing: done
Testing with pattern 0xff: done
Reading and comparing: done
Testing with pattern 0x00: done
Reading and comparing: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
マウントして、読み書きテストしてみる。
# mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt/ # ls /mnt/ -la total 21 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 4 02:28 . drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 1024 Feb 19 2011 .. drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Nov 4 02:28 lost+found # touch /mnt/test # ls /mnt/ -la total 21 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 4 02:36 . drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 1024 Feb 19 2011 .. drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Nov 4 02:28 lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 4 02:36 test
別のUSBメモリ18BGでフォーマットの時間測定。接続はUSB1.0。
# time mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdd1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
991232 inodes, 3963782 blocks
198189 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4060086272
121 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
real 17m36.189s
user 0m0.108s
sys 0m2.852s
読み込みチェックオプションを有効にすると6時間程度
# time mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/sdd1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
991232 inodes, 3963782 blocks
198189 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4060086272
121 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208
Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 1867776 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 1900544 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 1933312 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 1966080 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 1998848 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2031616 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2064384 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2097152 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2129920 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2162688 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2195456 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2228224 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2260992 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2293760 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2326528 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2359296 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2392064 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2424832 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2457600 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2490368 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2523136 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2555904 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2588672 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2621440 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2654208 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2686976 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2719744 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2752512 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2785280 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2818048 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2850816 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2883584 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2916352 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2949120 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 2981888 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3014656 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3047424 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3080192 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3112960 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3145728 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3178496 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3211264 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3244032 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3276800 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3309568 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3342336 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3375104 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3407872 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3440640 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3473408 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3506176 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3538944 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3571712 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3604480 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3637248 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3670016 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3702784 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3735552 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3768320 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3801088 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3833856 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3866624 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3899392 contain
bad blocks.
Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block 3932160 contain
bad blocks.
mkfs.ext3: Could not allocate block in ext2 filesystem while trying to allocate filesystem tables
real 399m51.580s
user 0m30.602s
sys 2m47.670s